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general description the max5494?ax5499 10-bit (1024-tap), dual, non- volatile, linear-taper, programmable voltage-dividers and variable resistors perform the function of a mechanical potentiometer, but replace the mechanics with a 3-wire spi-compatible serial interface. the max5494/max5495 are dual, 3-terminal, programma- ble voltage-dividers; the max5496/max5497 are dual, 2-terminal variable resistors; and the max5498/ max5499 include one 2-terminal variable resistor and one 3-terminal programmable voltage-divider. the max5494?ax5499 feature an internal, nonvolatile, electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (eeprom) that stores the wiper position for initialization during power-up. the 3-wire spi-compatible serial inter- face allows communication at data rates up to 7mhz. the max5494?ax5499 are ideal for applications requir- ing digitally controlled potentiometers. end-to-end resis- tance values of 10k ? and 50k ? are available with a 35ppm/? end-to-end temperature coefficient. the ratio- metric temperature coefficient is 5ppm/? for each chan- nel, making these devices ideal for applications requiring low-temperature-coefficient programmable voltage- dividers such as low-drift, programmable-gain amplifiers. the max5494?ax5499 operate with either a single power supply (+2.7v to +5.25v) or dual power supplies (?.5v). the devices consume 400? (max) of supply current when writing data to the nonvolatile memory and 1.5? (max) of standby supply current. the devices are available in space-saving (5mm x 5mm x 0.8mm), 16-pin tqfn package and are specified over the extended (-40? to +85?) temperature range. applications gain and offset adjustment lcd contrast adjustment pressure sensors low-drift programmable-gain amplifiers mechanical potentiometer replacement volume control features ? wiper position stored in nonvolatile memory and recalled upon power-up ? 16-pin, 5mm x 5mm x 0.8mm tqfn package ? 35ppm/? end-to-end resistance temperature coefficient ? 5ppm/? ratiometric temperature coefficient ? 10k ? and 50k ? end-to-end resistor values ? 3-wire spi-compatible serial interface ? reliability (t a = +85?) 50,000 wiper store cycles 50 years wiper data retention ? 1.5? (max) standby current ? single +2.7v to +5.25v supply operation ? dual ?.5v supply operation max5494?ax5499 10-bit, dual, nonvolatile, linear-taper digital potentiometers ________________________________________________________________ maxim integrated products 1 16 1234 12 11 10 9 15 14 13 5 6 7 8 sclk n.c. n.c. din gnd interface w1 l1 h1 w2 l2 h2 v dd n.c. n.c. v ss top view max5494 max5495 cs 5mm 5mm 0.8mm tqfn 16 1234 12 11 10 9 15 14 13 5 6 7 8 sclk n.c. n.c. din gnd interface w1 l1 d.n.c. w2 l2 d.n.c. v dd n.c. n.c. v ss max5496 max5497 cs 5mm 5mm 0.8mm tqfn part temp range pin- package pkg code max5494 ete -40? to +85? 16 tqfn-ep* t1655-2 max5495 ete -40? to +85? 16 tqfn-ep* t1655-2 pin configurations ordering information 19-3562; rev 1; 6/05 for pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact maxim/dallas direct! at 1-888-629-4642, or visit maxim? website at www.maxim-ic.com. * ep = exposed pad. ordering information continued at end of data sheet. selector guide appears at end of data sheet. pin configurations continued at end of data sheet. spi is a trademark of motorola, inc.
max5494?ax5499 10-bit, dual, nonvolatile, linear-taper digital potentiometers 2 _______________________________________________________________________________________ absolute maximum ratings electrical characteristics (v dd = +2.7v to +5.25v, v ss = gnd = 0, v h_ = v dd , v l_ = 0, t a = -40? to +85?, unless otherwise noted. typical values are at v dd = +5.0v, t a = +25?.) (note 1) stresses beyond those listed under ?bsolute maximum ratings?may cause permanent damage to the device. these are stress rating s only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specificatio ns is not implied. exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. v dd to gnd ...........................................................-0.3v to +6.0v v ss to gnd............................................................-6.0v to +0.3v v dd to v ss .............................................................-0.3v to +6.0v h1, h2, l1, l2, w1, w2 to v ss .........(v ss - 0.3v) to (v dd + 0.3v) cs , sclk, din to gnd ..............................-0.3v to (v dd + 0.3v) maximum continuous current into h_, l_, and w_ max5494/max5496/max5498 ....................................?.0ma max5495/max5497/max5499 ....................................?.0ma maximum current into other pins .................................?0.0ma continuous power dissipation (t a = +70?) 16-pin tqfn (derate 20.8mw/? above +70?) ....1666.7mw operating temperature range ...........................-40? to +85? junction temperature ......................................................+150? storage temperature range .............................-60? to +150? lead temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300? parameter symbol conditions min typ max units dc performance (max5494/max5495/max5498/max5499 programmable voltage-divider) resolution n 10 bits v dd = 2.7v ? integral nonlinearity (note 2) inl v dd = 5v ? lsb v dd = 2.7v ? differential nonlinearity (note 2) dnl v dd = 5v ? lsb end-to-end resistance temperature coefficient tc r 35 ppm/? ratiometric temperature coefficient 5 ppm/? max5494/max5498 -4 -2.5 0 full-scale error fse max5495/max5499 -4 -0.75 0 lsb max5494/max5498 0 3.3 5 zero-scale error zse max5495/max5499 0 1.45 5 lsb wiper capacitance c w 60 pf max5494/max5498 7.5 10 12.5 end-to-end resistance r hl max5495/max5499 37.5 50 62.5 k ? max5494 0.05 channel-to-channel division ratio matching v dd = 3v, midcode: 512 max5495 0.15 % max5494/max5498, w_ at 15 code, h_ and l_ shorted to v ss , measure resistance from w_ to h_ (figures 4 and 5) 6.3 resistance from w_ to l_ and h_ max5495/max5499, w_ at 15 code, h_ and l_ shorted to v ss , measure resistance from w_ to h_ (figures 4 and 5) 25 k ?
max5494?ax5499 10-bit, dual, nonvolatile, linear-taper digital potentiometers _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3 electrical characteristics (continued) (v dd = +2.7v to +5.25v, v ss = gnd = 0, v h_ = v dd , v l_ = 0, t a = -40? to +85?, unless otherwise noted. typical values are at v dd = +5.0v, t a = +25?.) (note 1) parameter symbol conditions min typ max units dc performance (max5496?ax5499 variable resistor) resolution n 10 bits v dd = 2.7v -1.6 v dd = 3v -4 -1.4 +4 integral nonlinearity (note 3) inl_r v dd = 5v -4 -1.3 +4 lsb v dd = 2.7v +0.45 v dd = 3v -1 +0.4 +1 differential nonlinearity (note 3) dnl_r v dd = 5v -1 +0.35 +1 lsb variable-resistor temperature coefficient tc vr v dd = 3v to 5.25v; code = 128 to 1024 35 ppm/? wiper resistance r w v dd 3v (note 4) 50 ? wiper capacitance c wr 60 pf max5496/max5498 7.5 10 12.5 full-scale wiper-to-end resistance r w-l max5497/max5499 37.5 50 62.5 k ? = ? max5496/max5498, code >128 0.1 two-channel resistance matching v dd = 3v to 5.25v max5497/max5499, code >200 0.15 % digital inputs ( cs , sclk, din) (note 5) v dd = 3.6v to 5.25v 2.4 single-supply operation v dd = 2.7v to 3.6v 0.7 x v dd input high voltage v ih dual-supply operation with respect to gnd, v dd = 2.5v, v ss = -2.5v 2.0 v single-supply operation v dd = 2.7v to 5.25v 0.8 input low voltage v il dual-supply operation with respect to gnd, v dd = 2.5v, v ss = -2.5v 0.6 v input leakage current i in ? ? input capacitance c in 5pf dynamic characteristics max5494/max5498 250 wiper -3db bandwidth bw wiper at code 495 (01111 01111), 10pf load at wiper max5495/max5499 50 khz
max5494?ax5499 10-bit, dual, nonvolatile, linear-taper digital potentiometers 4 _______________________________________________________________________________________ electrical characteristics (continued) (v dd = +2.7v to +5.25v, v ss = gnd = 0, v h_ = v dd , v l_ = 0, t a = -40? to +85?, unless otherwise noted. typical values are at v dd = +5.0v, t a = +25?.) (note 1) parameter symbol conditions min typ max units max5494/max5498; v dd = 3v; wiper at code 495; 10khz, 1v rms signal is applied at h_; 10pf load at wiper 0.026 total harmonic distortion thd max5495/max5499; v dd = 3v; wiper at code 495; 10khz, 1v rms signal is applied at h_; 10pf load at wiper 0.03 % analog crosstalk ch2 = 11111 11111, ch1 = 01111 01111, c w_ = 10pf, v h1 = v dd = +2.5v, v l1 = v ss = -2.5v, measure v w1 with v w2 = 5v p-p at f = 1khz -93 db nonvolatile memory reliability data retention t a = +85? 50 years t a = +25? 200,000 endurance t a = +85? 50,000 stores power supplies single-supply voltage v dd v ss = gnd = 0 2.70 5.25 v v dd gnd = 0 2.50 5.25 dual-supply voltage v ss (v dd - v ss ) 5.25v -2.5 -0.2 v average programming current i pg during nonvolatile write only; digital inputs = v dd or gnd 220 400 ? peak programming current during nonvolatile write only; digital inputs = v dd or gnd 4ma standby current i dd digital inputs = v dd or gnd, t a = +25? 0.6 1.5 ?
max5494?ax5499 10-bit, dual, nonvolatile, linear-taper digital potentiometers _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5 timing characteristics (v dd = +2.7v to +5.25v, v ss = gnd = 0, v h_ = v dd , v l_ = 0, t a = -40? to +85?, unless otherwise noted. typical values are at v dd = +5.0v, t a = +25?.) (note 1) parameter symbol conditions min typ max units analog section max5494/max5498 5 wiper settling time (note 6) t s max5495/max5499 22 ? spi-compatible serial interface (figure 6) sclk frequency f sclk 7 mhz sclk clock period t cp 140 ns sclk pulse-width high t ch 60 ns sclk pulse-width low t cl 60 ns cs fall to sclk rise setup t css 60 ns sclk rise to cs rise hold t csh 0ns din to sclk setup t ds 40 ns din hold after sclk t dh 0ns sclk rise to cs fall delay t cs0 15 ns cs rise to sclk rise hold t cs1 60 ns cs pulse-width high t csw 150 ns write nv register busy time t busy 12 ms note 1: 100% production tested at t a = +25? and t a = +85?. guaranteed by design to t a = -40?. note 2: the dnl and inl are measured for the voltage-divider with h_ = v dd and l_ = v ss . the wiper terminal (w_) is unloaded and measured with a high-input-impedance voltmeter. note 3: the dnl and inl are measured with l_ = v ss = 0. for v dd = 5v, the wiper terminal is driven with a current source of i w = 80? for the 50k ? device and i w = 400? for the 10k ? device. for v dd = 3v, the wiper terminal is driven with a current source of i w = 40? for the 50k ? device and i w = 200? for the 10k ? device. note 4: the wiper resistance is measured using the source currents given in note 3. note 5: the device draws higher supply current when the digital inputs are driven with voltages between (v dd - 0.5v) and (gnd + 0.5v). see the supply current vs. digital input voltage graph in the typical operating characteristics . note 6: wiper settling test condition uses the voltage-divider with a 10pf load on w_. transition code from 0 to 495 and measure the time from cs going high to the wiper voltage settling to within 0.5% of its final value.
max5494?ax5499 10-bit, dual, nonvolatile, linear-taper digital potentiometers 6 _______________________________________________________________________________________ t ypical operating characteristics (v dd = +5.0v, v ss = 0, t a = +25?, unless otherwise noted.) differential nonlinearity vs. code (variable resistor) max5494 toc01 code dnl (lsb) 896 768 512 640 256 384 128 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 -1.0 01024 v dd = 3v integral nonlinearity vs. code (variable resistor) max5494 toc02 code inl (lsb) 896 768 512 640 256 384 128 -1.0 -0.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 -1.5 0 1024 v dd = 3v maximum differential nonlinearity vs. supply voltage (variable resistor) max5494 toc03 v dd (v) dnl (lsb) 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 -1.0 2.5 5.0 maximum integral nonlinearity vs. supply voltage (variable resistor) max5494 toc04 v dd (v) inl (lsb) 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0 0.5 1.0 -2.0 2.5 5.0 differential nonlinearity vs. code (voltage-divider) max5494 toc05 code dnl (lsb) 896 768 512 640 256 384 128 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 -1.0 0 1024 v dd = 3v integral nonlinearity vs. code (voltage-divider) max5494 toc06 code inl (lsb) 896 768 512 640 256 384 128 -1.0 -0.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 -1.5 01024 v dd = 3v wiper resistance vs. code (variable resistor) max5494 toc07 code r w ( ? ) 896 768 512 640 256 384 128 10 20 40 30 50 60 70 80 0 01024 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0256 128 384 512 640 768 896 1024 end-to-end resistance vs. code (max5497/max5499) max5494 toc08 code r wl (k ? ) end-to-end resistance vs. code (max5496/max5498) max5494 toc09 code r wl (k ? ) 896 768 512 640 256 384 128 2 4 6 8 10 12 0 01024
max5494?ax5499 10-bit, dual, nonvolatile, linear-taper digital potentiometers _______________________________________________________________________________________ 7 t ypical operating characteristics (continued) (v dd = +5.0v, v ss = 0, t a = +25?, unless otherwise noted.) wiper resistance vs. wiper voltage (variable resistor) max5494 toc10 wiper voltage (v) r w ( ? ) 4 3 2 1 17 19 20 21 22 16 05 code is 00 0000 0000 v dd = 5v 18 end-to-end resistance (r hl ) % change vs. temperature (voltage-divider) max5494 toc11 temperature ( c) end-to-end resistance change (%) 60 35 10 -15 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 -1.0 -40 85 wiper-to-end resistance (r wl ) % change vs. temperature (variable resistor) max5494 toc12 temperature ( c) wiper-to-end resistance change (%) 60 35 10 -15 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 -1.0 -40 85 code is 11 1111 1111 standby supply current vs. temperature max5494 toc13 temperature ( c) i dd ( a) 60 35 10 -15 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 0 -40 85 v dd = 5.25v digital supply current vs. digital input voltage max5494 toc14 digital input voltage (v) i dd ( a) 4 3 2 1 1 10 100 1000 10,000 0.1 05 v dd = 5v ratiometric temperature coefficient vs. code max5494 toc15 code ratiometric tempco (ppm/ c) 896 768 512 640 256 384 128 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 0 0102 4 voltage-divider v dd = 3v t a = -40 c to +85 c 10k ? 50k ? variable resistor temperature coefficient vs. code max5494 toc16 code tc vr (ppm/ c) 896 768 512 640 256 384 128 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 0 01024 v dd = 3v t a = -40 c to +85 c 10k ? 50k ? tap-to-tap switching transient (max5494/max5498) max5494 toc17 v w_ 20mv/div 1 s/div cs 2v/div h_ = v dd l_ = gnd from code 01111 11111 to code 10000 00000 c w_ = 10pf tap-to-tap switching transient (max5495/max5499) max5494 toc18 v w_ 20mv/div 4 s/div h_ = v dd l_ = gnd from code 01111 11111 to code 10000 00000 c w_ = 10pf cs 2v/div
max5494?ax5499 10-bit, dual, nonvolatile, linear-taper digital potentiometers 8 _______________________________________________________________________________________ t ypical operating characteristics (continued) (v dd = +5.0v, v ss = 0, t a = +25?, unless otherwise noted.) crosstalk max5494 toc19 v w1 20mv/div 400ns/div v w2 2v/div v h2 = v dd v l2 = v l1 = v h1 = gnd c w_ = 10pf crosstalk vs. frequency max5494 toc20 frequency (khz) crosstalk (db) 10 1 0.1 -40 -20 0 0.01 100 c w_ = 10pf code = 01111 01111 -60 -80 -100 -120 1000 max5494/max5498 max5495/max5499 thd+n vs. frequency (max5494/max5498) max5494 toc21 frequency (khz) thd+n (%) 10 1 0.1 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 0.0001 0.01 100 c w_ = 10pf code = 01111 01111 thd+n vs. frequency (max5495/max5499) max5494 toc22 frequency (khz) thd+n (%) 10 1 0.1 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 0.0001 0.01 100 c w_ = 10pf code = 01111 01111 wiper response vs. frequency (max5494/max5498) max5494 toc23 frequency (khz) gain (db) 100 10 1 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 -25 0.1 1000 code = 01111 01111 c w_ = 10pf c w_ = 30pf wiper response vs. frequency (max5495/max5499) max5494 toc24 frequency (khz) gain (db) 100 10 1 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 -25 0.1 1000 code = 01111 01111 c w_ = 10pf c w_ = 30pf
max5494?ax5499 10-bit, dual, nonvolatile, linear-taper digital potentiometers _______________________________________________________________________________________ 9 pin descriptions pin max5494/ max5495 max5496/ max5497 max5498/ max5499 name function 111 cs active-low chip-select input. drive cs low to enable the serial interface. drive cs high to disable the serial interface and put the device in standby mode. 22 2w 2 wiper terminal 2 33 3l 2 low terminal 2 4 ? 2 high terminal 2 555v dd positive power-supply input. 2.7v v dd 5.25v. bypass with a 0.1? capacitor from v dd to gnd as close to the device as possible 6, 7,14,15 6, 7,14,15 6, 7,14,15 n.c. no connection. not internally connected. 888v ss negative power-supply input. single-supply operation: v ss = gnd = 0. dual-supply operation: -2.5v v ss -0.2v (v ss can vary as long as (v dd - v ss ) 5.25v). bypass with a 0.1? capacitor from v ss to gnd as close to the device as possible. 9 9h 1 high terminal 1 10 10 10 l1 low terminal 1 11 11 11 w1 wiper terminal 1 12 12 12 gnd ground 13 13 13 din serial-data input. the data at din synchronously loads into the serial shift register on each sclk rising edge. 16 16 16 sclk serial-clock input . sclk clocks in the data when cs is low. 4, 9 4 d.n.c do not connect. leave unconnected for proper operation. ep ep ep exposed pad exposed pad. externally connect ep to v ss to provide a low thermal resistance path from the ic junction to the pc board or leave unconnected.
max5494?ax5499 10-bit, dual, nonvolatile, linear-taper digital potentiometers 10 ______________________________________________________________________________________ functional diagrams max5494 max5495 por 10-bit latch 2 x 10 bit nvm sclk din cs decoder 10 10 1024 taps h1 w1 l1 v dd gnd v ss spi interface decoder 10-bit latch h2 w2 note: the programmable voltage-divider is not intended for current to flow through the wiper. note: see the max5494/max5495/max5498/max5499 programmable voltage-dividers section. l2 1024 taps figure 1. max5494/max5495 functional diagram
max5494?ax5499 10-bit, dual, nonvolatile, linear-taper digital potentiometers ______________________________________________________________________________________ 11 functional diagrams (continued) max5496 max5497 por 10-bit latch 2 x 10 bit nvm sclk din cs decoder 10 10 w1 l1 v dd gnd v ss spi interface decoder 10-bit latch w2 l2 1024 taps 1024 taps figure 2. max5496/max5497 functional diagram max5498 max5499 por 10-bit latch 2 x 10 bit nvm sclk din cs decoder 10 10 h1 w1 l1 v dd gnd v ss spi interface 10-bit latch decoder w2 l2 note: the programmable voltage-divider is not intended for current to flow through the wiper. note: see the max5494/max5495/max5498/max5499 programmable voltage-dividers section. 1024 taps 1024 taps figure 3. max5498/max5499 functional diagram
max5494?ax5499 10-bit, dual, nonvolatile, linear-taper digital potentiometers 12 ______________________________________________________________________________________ code (decimal) r w_h_ (k ? ) 896 768 512 640 256 384 128 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 0 0 1024 50k ? scales by a factor of five figure 4. resistance from w_ to h_ vs. code (10k ? voltage- divider) code (decimal) r w_l_ (k ? ) 896 768 512 640 256 384 128 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 0 0 1024 50k ? scales by a factor of five figure 5. resistance from w_ to l_ vs. code (10k ? voltage- divider) detailed description the max5494?ax5499 dual, nonvolatile, linear-taper, programmable voltage-dividers and variable resistors feature 1024 tap points (10-bit resolution) (see the functional diagrams ). these devices consist of multi- ple strings of equal resistor segments with a wiper con- tact that moves among the 1024 effective tap points by a 3-wire spi-compatible serial interface. the max5494/max5496/max5498 provide a total 10k ? end-to-end resistance, and the max5495/max5497/ max5499 feature a 50k ? end-to-end resistance. the max5494/max5495/max5498/max5499 allow access to the high, low, and wiper terminals for a standard volt- age-divider configuration. ensure that the terminal volt- ages fall between v ss and v dd . max5494/max5495/max5498/max5499 programmable voltage-dividers the max5494/max5495/max5498/max5499 program- mable voltage-dividers provide a weighted average of the voltage between the h_ and l_ inputs at the w_ output. the max5494/max5495/max5498/max5499 program- mable voltage-divider network provides up to 1024 division ratios between the h_ and l_ voltage. ideally, the v l voltage occurs at the wiper terminal when all data bits are zeros and the v h voltage occurs at the wiper terminal when all data bits are one (see the wiper voltage equation). the step-size voltage (1 lsb) is equal to the voltage applied across terminals h and l divided by 2 10 . calculate the wiper voltage v w as fol- lows: where d is the decimal equivalent of the 10 data bits written (0 to 1023), v hl is the voltage difference between the h_ and l_ terminals, and: the max5494/max5498 provide a 10k ? end-to-end resistance value, while the max5495/max5499 feature a 50k ? end-to-end resistance value. note that the pro- grammable voltage-divider is not intended to be used as a variable resistor. wiper current creates a nonlinear voltage drop in series with the wiper. to ensure tempera- ture drift remains within specifications, do not pull current through the voltage-divider wiper. connect the wiper to a high-impedance node. figures 4 and 5 show the behav- ior of the programmable voltage-divider resistance from w_ to h_ and w_ to l_, respectively. this does not apply to the variable-resistor devices. max5496?ax5499 variable resistors the max5496?ax5499 provide a programmable resis- tance from w_ to l_. the max5496/max5498 provide a 10k ? end-to-end resistance value, while the max5497/max5499 feature a 50k ? end-to-end resis- tance value. the programmable resolution of this v fse v v zse v fse hl zse hl = ? ? ? ? ? ? = ? ? ? ? ? ? 1024 1024 d vv v vv hl fse zse l zse ?+ () ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ++ |||| || 1023
max5494?ax5499 10-bit, dual, nonvolatile, linear-taper digital potentiometers ______________________________________________________________________________________ 13 resis tance is equal to the nominal end-to-end resis- tance divided by 1024 (10-bit resolution). for example, the programmable resolution is 9.8 ? and 48.8 ? for the max5496/max5498 and the max5497/max5499, respectively. the 10-bit data in the 10-bit latch register selects the wiper position from the 1024 possible positions, result- ing in 1024 values for the resistance from w_ to l_. calculate the resistance from w_ to l_ (r wl ) from the formula below: where d is decimal equivalent of the 10 data bits writ- ten, r w-l is the nominal end-to-end resistance, and r z is the zero-scale error. table 1 shows r wl at selected codes. spi-compatible serial interface the max5494?ax5499 use a 3-wire, spi-compatible, serial data interface (figure 6). this write-only interface contains three inputs: chip-select ( cs ), data input (din), and data clock (sclk). drive cs low to enable the serial interface and clock data synchronously into the shift register on each sclk rising edge. the write commands (c1, c0 = 00 or 01) require 24 clock cycles to transfer the command and data (figure 7a). the copy commands (c1, c0 = 10 or 11) use either eight clock cycles to transfer the command bits (figure 7b) or 24 clock cycles with 16 bits disregarded by the device (figure 7a). after the loading of data into the shift register, drive cs high to latch the data into the appropriate control regis- ter (specified by ra1 and ra0) and disable the serial interface. keep cs low during the entire serial data stream to avoid corruption of the data. table 2 shows the register map. write wiper register the ?rite wiper register?command (c1, c0 = 00) con- trols the wiper positions. the 10 data bits (d9?0) indi- cate the position of the wiper. for example, if din = 000000 0000, the wiper moves to the position closest to l_. if din = 11 1111 1111, the wiper moves closest to h_. rd d rr wl w l z () = + ? 1023 end-to-end resistance value 10k ? 50k ? code (decimal) r wl ( ? )r wl ( ? ) 070 110 180 160 512 5,070 25,110 1023 10,070 50,110 table 1. r wl at selected codes cs t cso t css t cl t ch t dh t ds t cp t csh t csw t cs1 sclk din figure 6. spi-interface timing diagram
max5494?ax5499 10-bit, dual, nonvolatile, linear-taper digital potentiometers 14 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 d9 d8 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 a) 24-bit command/data word 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 c1 c0 b) 8-bit command word d1 d0 sclk sclk din din cs 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 cs c1 c0 ra0 ra1 ra0 ra1 figure 7. spi-compatible serial-interface format table 2. register map* clock edge 12 3 4 56 7 8 910111 2131415161718 24 bit name c1c0 ra1 ra0 d9 d8 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 write wiper register 1 00 0 0 00 0 1d9 d8 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 write wiper register 2 00 0 0 00 1 0d9 d8 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 write nv register 1 00 0 1 00 0 1d9 d8 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 write nv register 2 00 0 1 00 1 0d9 d8 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 copy wiper register 1 to nv register 1 00 1 0 00 0 1 copy wiper register 2 to nv register 2 00 1 0 00 1 0 copy wiper register 1 to nv register 1 and copy wiper register 2 to nv register 2 simultaneously 00 1 0 00 1 1 copy nv register 1 to wiper register 1 00 1 1 00 0 1 copy nv register 2 to wiper register 2 00 1 1 00 1 0 copy nv register 1 to wiper register 1 and copy nv register 2 to wiper register 2 simultaneously 00 1 1 00 1 1 * d9 is the msb and d0 is the lsb of the data bits.
max5494?ax5499 10-bit, dual, nonvolatile, linear-taper digital potentiometers ______________________________________________________________________________________ 15 action wiper register 1 updated 000 000 01 d9 d8 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 12345678 910111213141516 1718192021222324 sclk din xxx xxx cs c1 c0 ra1 ra0 action 000 100 01 d9 d8 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 12345678 910111213141516 1718192021222324 sclk din xxx xxx cs c1 c0 ra1 ra0 write nv register 1 (device is busy) t busy figure 8. write wiper register 1 figure 9. write nv register 1 the ?rite wiper register?command writes data to the volatile random access memory (ram), leaving the nv registers unchanged. when the device powers up, the data stored in the nv registers transfers to the wiper register, moving the wiper to the stored position. figure 8 shows how to write data to wiper register 1. write nv register the ?rite nv register?command (c1, c0 = 01) stores the position of the wiper to the nv registers for use at power-up. alternatively, the ?opy wiper register to nv register?command writes to the nv register. writing to the nv register does not affect the position of the wipers. the operation takes up to 12ms (max) after cs goes high to complete and no other operation should be performed until completion. figure 9 shows how to write data to the nv register 1. copy wiper register to nv register the ?opy wiper register to nv register?command (c1, c0 = 10) stores the current position of the wiper to the nv register for use at power-up. figure 10 shows how to copy data from wiper register 1 to nv register 1.
max5494?ax5499 10-bit, dual, nonvolatile, linear-taper digital potentiometers 16 ______________________________________________________________________________________ copy nv register to wiper register the ?opy nv register to wiper register?(c1, c0 = 11) restores the wiper position to the current value stored in the nv register. figure 11 shows how to copy data from nv register 1 to wiper register 1. standby mode the max5494?ax5499 feature a low-power standby mode. when the device is not being programmed, it enters into standby mode and supply current drops to 0.6? (typ). nonvolatile memory the internal eeprom consists of a nonvolatile register that retains the last value stored prior to power-down. the nonvolatile register is programmed to midscale at the factory. the nonvolatile memory is guaranteed for 50 years for wiper data retention and up to 200,000 wiper write cycles. power-up upon power-up, the max5494?ax5499 load the data stored in the nonvolatile wiper register into the wiper register, updating the wiper position with the data stored in the nonvolatile wiper register. applications information the max5494?ax5499 are intended for circuits requiring digitally controlled adjustable resistance, such as lcd contrast control (where voltage biasing adjusts the display contrast), or programmable filters with adjustable gain and/or cutoff frequency. action 00100001 12345678 sclk din cs c1 c0 ra1 ra0 write nv register 1 (device is busy) t busy figure 10. copy wiper register 1 to nv register 1 action 00110001 12345678 sclk din cs c1 c0 ra1 ra0 wiper register 1 updated figure 11. copy nv register 1 to wiper register 1
max5494?ax5499 10-bit, dual, nonvolatile, linear-taper digital potentiometers ______________________________________________________________________________________ 17 positive lcd bias control figures 12 and 13 show an application where the volt- age-divider or variable resistor is used to make an adjustable, positive lcd-bias voltage. the op amp pro- vides buffering and gain to the resistor-divider network. programmable filter figure 14 shows the configuration for a 1st-order pro- grammable filter. the gain of the filter is adjusted by r2, and the cutoff frequency is adjusted by r3. use the following equations to calculate the gain (g) and the 3db cutoff frequency (f c ). gain and offset voltage adjustment figure 15 shows an application using the max5498/ max5499 to adjust the gain and nullify the offset voltage. g r r f rc c =+ = 1 1 2 1 23 v out 30v 5v w_ h_ l_ 1/2 max5494/max5495 1/2 max5498/max5499 max480 figure 12. positive lcd bias control using a voltage-divider v out 30v 5v w_ l_ 1/2 max5496?ax5499 max480 figure 13. positive lcd bias control using a variable resistor v out v in r1 r2 r3 c w_ l_ w_ l_ 1/2 max5496?ax5499 1/2 max5496?ax5499 figure 14. programmable filter v out w_ l_ 1/2 max5498/max5499 1/2 max5498/max5499 v ref w_ h_ l_ v in figure 15. gain- and offset-voltage adjustment circuit
max5494?ax5499 10-bit, dual, nonvolatile, linear-taper digital potentiometers 18 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 16 1234 12 11 10 9 15 14 13 5 6 7 8 sclk n.c. n.c. din gnd interface w1 l1 h1 w2 l2 d.n.c. v dd n.c. n.c. v ss top view max5498 max5499 cs 5mm 5mm 0.8mm tqfn part temp range pin- package pkg code max5496 ete -40? to +85? 16 tqfn-ep* t1655-2 max5497 ete -40? to +85? 16 tqfn-ep* t1655-2 max5498 ete -40? to +85? 16 tqfn-ep* t1655-2 max5499 ete -40? to +85? 16 tqfn-ep* t1655-2 pin configurations (continued) ordering information (continued) part configuration end-to-end resistance (k ? ) max5494ete two programmable voltage- dividers 10 max5495ete two programmable voltage- dividers 50 max5496ete two variable resistors 10 MAX5497ETE two variable resistors 50 max5498ete one p r og r amm ab le vol tage- d i vi d er and one vari ab le r esi stor 10 max5499ete one p r og r amm ab le vol tage- d i vi d er and one vari ab le r esi stor 50 selector guide chip information transistor count: 32,262 process: bicmos * ep = exposed pad.
max5494?ax5499 10-bit, dual, nonvolatile, linear-taper digital potentiometers ______________________________________________________________________________________ 19 pa cka ge information (the package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. for the latest package outline info rmation go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages .) qfn thin.eps d2 (nd-1) x e e d c pin # 1 i.d. (ne-1) x e e/2 e 0.08 c 0.10 c a a1 a3 detail a e2/2 e2 0.10 m c a b pin # 1 i.d. b 0.35x45 d/2 d2/2 l c l c e e l c c l k l l detail b l l1 e xxxxx marking h 1 2 21-0140 package outline, 16, 20, 28, 32, 40l thin qfn, 5x5x0.8mm -drawing not to scale- l e/2
max5494?ax5499 10-bit, dual, nonvolatile, linear-taper digital potentiometers maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a maxim product. no circu it patent licenses are implied. maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. 20 ____________________maxim integrated products, 120 san gabriel drive, sunnyvale, ca 94086 408-737-7600 2005 maxim integrated products printed usa is a registered trademark of maxim integrated products, inc. package information (continued) (the package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. for the latest package outline info rmation go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages .) common dimensions 3.35 3.15 t2855-1 3.25 3.35 3.15 3.25 max. 3.20 exposed pad variations 3.00 t2055-2 3.10 d2 nom. min. 3.20 3.00 3.10 min. e2 nom. max. ne nd pkg. codes 1. dimensioning & tolerancing conform to asme y14.5m-1994. 2. all dimensions are in millimeters. angles are in degrees. 3. n is the total number of terminals. 4. the terminal #1 identifier and terminal numbering convention shall conform to jesd 95-1 spp-012. details of terminal #1 identifier are optional, but must be located within the zone indicated. the terminal #1 identifier may be either a mold or marked feature. 5. dimension b applies to metallized terminal and is measured between 0.25 mm and 0.30 mm from terminal tip. 6. nd and ne refer to the number of terminals on each d and e side respectively. 7. depopulation is possible in a symmetrical fashion. 8. coplanarity applies to the exposed heat sink slug as well as the terminals. 9. drawing conforms to jedec mo220, except exposed pad dimension for t2855-1, t2855-3, and t2855-6. notes: symbol pkg. n l1 e e d b a3 a a1 k 10. warpage shall not exceed 0.10 mm. jedec t1655-1 3.20 3.00 3.10 3.00 3.10 3.20 0.70 0.80 0.75 4.90 4.90 0.25 0.25 0 -- 4 whhb 4 16 0.35 0.30 5.10 5.10 5.00 0.80 bsc. 5.00 0.05 0.20 ref. 0.02 min. max. nom. 16l 5x5 3.10 t3255-2 3.00 3.20 3.00 3.10 3.20 2.70 t2855-2 2.60 2.60 2.80 2.70 2.80 l 0.30 0.50 0.40 -- - -- - whhc 20 5 5 5.00 5.00 0.30 0.55 0.65 bsc. 0.45 0.25 4.90 4.90 0.25 0.65 - - 5.10 5.10 0.35 20l 5x5 0.20 ref. 0.75 0.02 nom. 0 0.70 min. 0.05 0.80 max. -- - whhd-1 28 7 7 5.00 5.00 0.25 0.55 0.50 bsc. 0.45 0.25 4.90 4.90 0.20 0.65 - - 5.10 5.10 0.30 28l 5x5 0.20 ref. 0.75 0.02 nom. 0 0.70 min. 0.05 0.80 max. -- - whhd-2 32 8 8 5.00 5.00 0.40 0.50 bsc. 0.30 0.25 4.90 4.90 0.50 - - 5.10 5.10 32l 5x5 0.20 ref. 0.75 0.02 nom. 0 0.70 min. 0.05 0.80 max. 0.20 0.25 0.30 down bonds allowed no yes 3.10 3.00 3.20 3.10 3.00 3.20 t2055-3 3.10 3.00 3.20 3.10 3.00 3.20 t2055-4 t2855-3 3.15 3.25 3.35 3.15 3.25 3.35 t2855-6 3.15 3.25 3.35 3.15 3.25 3.35 t2855-4 2.60 2.70 2.80 2.60 2.70 2.80 t2855-5 2.60 2.70 2.80 2.60 2.70 2.80 t2855-7 2.60 2.70 2.80 2.60 2.70 2.80 3.20 3.00 3.10 t3255-3 3.20 3.00 3.10 3.20 3.00 3.10 t3255-4 3.20 3.00 3.10 no no no no no no no no yes yes yes yes 3.20 3.00 t1655-2 3.10 3.00 3.10 3.20 yes no 3.20 3.10 3.00 3.10 t1655n-1 3.00 3.20 3.35 3.15 t2055-5 3.25 3.15 3.25 3.35 yes 3.35 3.15 t2855n-1 3.25 3.15 3.25 3.35 no 3.35 3.15 t2855-8 3.25 3.15 3.25 3.35 yes 3.20 3.10 t3255n-1 3.00 no 3.20 3.10 3.00 l 0.40 0.40 ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** ** see common dimensions table 0.15 11. marking is for package orientation reference only. h 2 2 21-0140 package outline, 16, 20, 28, 32, 40l thin qfn, 5x5x0.8mm -drawing not to scale- 12. number of leads shown are for reference only. 3.30 t4055-1 3.20 3.40 3.20 3.30 3.40 ** yes 0.05 00.02 0.60 0.40 0.50 10 ----- 0.30 40 10 0.40 0.50 5.10 4.90 5.00 0.25 0.35 0.45 0.40 bsc. 0.15 4.90 0.25 0.20 5.00 5.10 0.20 ref. 0.70 min. 0.75 0.80 nom. 40l 5x5 max. 13. lead centerlines to be at true position as defined by basic dimension "e", 0.05.

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